佚名 伊斯兰是正道，是正信，是信士的行为指南，伊斯兰的信仰必须根据《古兰经》和圣训确立的定义。 《古兰经》说：“只有这等人是信士；当记念真主的时候，他们的内心感到恐惧；当宣读真主的迹象的时候，那些迹象增加了他们的信仰，他们只信任他们的主；他们谨守拜功，并分舍我所赐予他们的财物。 这等人是信士，他们将在主那里得享许多品级、饶恕和优厚的给养。”(8：2-4)
这是十分明确的定义，不容置疑，更不容篡改，什么“民族”、什么“教派”、什么“家族”，都不是伊斯兰信士的根据，甚至是出于政治目的的骗人把戏。 信士的定义在《古兰经》中有如此明确的经文，就是板上钉钉，确凿无疑，正如伊斯兰的一切教律，如五功，都是万古长青永恒不变的真理。 真主保护这个正教，任何企图篡改正道伊斯兰的人，都是痴心妄想，一千四百年来没有一个成功的先例。
穆斯林是伊斯兰信士，不是桂冠、不是名义、不是一劳永逸的头衔，而是扎根在实践行为土壤中的大树，根深叶茂，果实累累。 《古兰经》说：“难道你们不知道真主有过这样一个比喻吗？ 一句良言，好比一颗优良的树，其根柢是深固的，其枝条高耸入云，凭主的许可，按时结果。 真主为众人打了许多比方，以便他们记取教训。”(14：24-25)
一颗“优良的树”，就是不容犹豫的伊玛尼，不存在模棱两可的隐晦涵义，用个人的“伊巴代”长年累月的善行和功修，浇灌和培育的枝条茂盛和按时果实。 与其相反的是一颗“恶劣的树”，《古兰经》说：“一句恶言，恰似一颗恶劣的树，从大地上连根拔去，绝没有一点稳固。”(14：26) 常言道“百年树人”，一个性格、一个品行、一个道德行为的形成，来自百年善功的修炼，而不是依靠家族的名义、民族的类别或一次宣誓。 用家族、民族或发誓伪装信仰的人，必然是机会主义份子的投机取巧。
真信士造福于民，是民族的道德支柱，是穆斯林社会的光荣，也是众人的幸福，“大树底下好乘凉”，光耀照人，善及全社会。《古兰经》说：“欲得光荣者，须知光荣全归真主。 良言将为他所知，他升起善行。 图谋不轨者，将受严厉的刑罚；这些人的图谋，是不能得逞的。”(35：10) 善有善报，恶有恶报；真主全知道，真主最公正。 伪信者、图谋不轨、弄虚做假、投机取巧，不会得逞，而且必将受到严厉惩罚。
根据上述经文的理解，真信士是对真主的敬畏和崇拜，谨守拜功，施舍真主赐予的各种福利。 这是实际行动，一点一滴地长年积累，培育成枝繁叶茂的果树，结出蜜汁欲滴的甜美果实。 这是信士的优点和俊美。
真信士来自优良的种子，俗话说“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”，伊斯兰真理的标准只有一个：敬畏真主，服从先知穆圣。 《古兰经》说：“信士，只是确信真主和使者，然后没有怀疑，能以自己的财产和生命为主道而奋斗的人；这等人，确是诚实的。”(49：15) 首先要播下优良的种子，然后才会萌发优良的幼苗，健康成长，结出甜美的果实。 自己播下恶劣种子的人，长出的必然是一颗恶劣的树和果实。
当代世界上，有许多虚伪的人，阳奉阴违，口蜜腹剑。 他们当年曾经是迫害伊斯兰信士的打手和屠夫，在真主考验他们的时候，表现是内奸和叛徒。 今天看到旧世界大势已去，伊斯兰在全世界兴旺了起来，便乔装打扮成可怜虫，说自己当年万不得已，自己出生是回族家庭，上辈出过教长阿訇，当年双手沾满迫害信士的鲜血，但内心里有过同情心。 对这样的人，要特别提高警惕，静观其变，重在表现，直到他们真心悔过。 《古兰经》说：“指你的主发誓，他们不信道，直到他们请你判决他们之间的纷争，而他们的心里对于你的判决毫无芥蒂， 并且他们完全顺服。”(4：65)
(阿里编译自Between Belief and Worship by Amin Ahsan Islahi，Indian Muslim scholar；www islamonline net/English/Living_Shariah/Refinement0fTheH…，2007/04/28，伊光编译)
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Comment by iktmc_aw@iktmc.edu.hk
I heard people said once in a while that "faith without good deeds is nothing/unbelief/hypocrite." It is not correct to say so.
According to the last paragraph of Bukhari 9.532b:
Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri:
... They [some people from Hell] will grow on its banks, as a seed carried by the torrent grows. You have noticed how it grows beside a rock or beside a tree, and how the side facing the sun is usually green while the side facing the shade is white. Those people will come out (of the River of Life) like pearls, and they will have (golden) necklaces, and then they will enter Paradise whereupon the people of Paradise will say, 'These are the people emancipated by the Beneficent. He [Allah] has admitted them into Paradise without them having done any good deeds and without sending forth any good (for themselves).' Then it will be said to them, 'For you is what you have seen and its equivalent as well.'
Bukhari 8.470 says even more clearly:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "The deeds of anyone of you will not save you (from the (Hell) Fire." They said, "Even you (will not be saved by your deeds), O Allah's Apostle?" He said, "No, even I (will not be saved) unless and until Allah bestows His Mercy on me. Therefore, do good deeds properly, sincerely and moderately, and worship Allah in the forenoon and in the afternoon and during a part of the night, and always adopt a middle, moderate, regular course whereby you will reach your target (Paradise)."
A Muslim has faith but committed sins, according to Bukhari 9.542:
Narrated Anas:
The Prophet said, "Some people who will be scorched by Hell (Fire) as a punishment for sins they have committed, and then Allah will admit them into Paradise by the grant of His Mercy. These people will be called, 'Al-Jahannamiyyun' (the people of Hell)."
It is solely by Allah's mercy that we Muslims can enter Paradise. It is also true that if we are to stay in Hell for some period of time, the length will depend on how many good deeds we have, or how sinful we are. May Allah save us and forgive us!
I don't know which place Amin Ahsan Islahi is talking about, perhaps he is talking about his homeland India. He seems to mix up the non-pious Muslims with hypocrites. I am sorry that he may have been hurt by the hypocrites, but to say that "个人没有善功，就是伪信" is not correct (Bukhari 7.313), though one may argue that such Muslims are close to hypocrisy (Bukhari 1.626). Hypocrites will not be saved from Hell fire, they will be even worse than the non-believer in Hell (Quran 4:145), and we should be careful when critizing other Muslims' faith (Muslim 118). Muslims will be saved from Hell fire, even if their faith will only have the weight of a grain of mustard seed (Bukhari 1.21).
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Bukhari 7.313
Narrated 'Urban bin Malik:
who attended the Badr battle and was from the Ansar, that he came to the Prophet and said, "O Allah's Apostle! I have lost my eyesight and I lead my people in the prayer (as an Imam). When it rains, the valley which is between me and my people, flows with water, and then I cannot go to their mosque to lead them in the prayer. O Allah's Apostle! I wish that you could come and pray in my house so that I may take it as a praying place." The Prophet said, "Allah willing, I will do that." The next morning, soon after the sun had risen, Allah's Apostle came with Abu Bakr. The Prophet asked for the permission to enter and I admitted him. The Prophet had not sat till he had entered the house and said to me, "Where do you like me to pray in your house?" I pointed at a place in my house whereupon he stood and said, "Allahu Akbar." We lined behind him and he prayed two Rakat and finished it with Taslim. We then requested him to stay for a special meal of Khazira which we had prepared. A large number of men from the adjoining area gathered in the house. One of them said, "Where is Malik bin Ad-Dukhshun?" Another man said, "He is a hypocrite and does not love Allah and His Apostle." The Prophet said, "Do not say so. Do you not think that he has said: "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah," seeking Allah's pleasure? The man said, "Allah and His Apostle know better, but we have always seen him mixing with hypocrites and giving them advice." The Prophet said, "Allah has forbidden the (Hell) Fire for those who testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, seeking Allah's pleasure."
Bukhari 1.626
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "No prayer is harder for the hypocrites than the Fajr and the 'Isha' prayers and if they knew the reward for these prayers at their respective times, they would certainly present themselves (in the mosques) even if they had to crawl." The Prophet added, "Certainly I decided to order the Mu'adhdhin (call-maker) to pronounce Iqama and order a man to lead the prayer and then take a fire flame to burn all those who had not left their houses so far for the prayer along with their houses."
Quran 4:145
The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire: no helper wilt thou find for them;-
Muslim #118:
It is reported on the authority of Abu Dharr that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace and blessings be upon him) saying: No person who claimed knowingly anyone else as his father besides (his own) committed nothing but infidelity, and he who made a claim of anything, which (in fact) did not belong to him, is not amongst us; he should make his abode in Fire, and he who labeled anyone with unbelief or called him the enemy of Allah, and he was in fact not so, it rebounded on him.
Bukhari 1.21
Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri:
The Prophet said, "When the people of Paradise will enter Paradise and the people of Hell will go to Hell, Allah will order those who have had faith equal to the weight of a grain of mustard seed to be taken out from Hell. So they will be taken out but (by then) they will be blackened (charred). Then they will be put in the river of Haya' (rain) or Hayat (life) (the Narrator is in doubt as to which is the right term), and they will revive like a grain that grows near the bank of a flood channel. Don't you see that it comes out yellow and twisted"
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